From emerging regulation to deal mechanics, we write about the questions founders and investors actually ask — practical analysis you can put to work.
Transfer Pricing (Transfer Fiyatlandırması) is the Turkish tax framework regulating prices charged between related parties (intra-group transactions), governed by 5520 sayılı Kurumlar Vergisi Kanunu (KVK) Madde 13 and the implementing Transfer Fiyatlandırması Yoluyla Örtülü Kazanç Dağıtımı Hakkın…
Damga Vergisi (Stamp Duty) is Turkey’s tax on documents and agreements, governed by 488 sayılı Damga Vergisi Kanunu (1964). Damga vergisi is levied either as a fixed amount or a percentage of the document’s “value” — typically the contract price, payment obligation, or guarantee amount.
e-Defter is Turkey’s mandatory electronic accounting ledger system, administered by the Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı (GİB).
BSMV is the Turkish banking and insurance transactions tax under Law No. 6802: 5% on interest, fees and commissions received by financial institutions, replacing VAT for financial transactions and typically passed on to customers.
ÖTV is Türkiye’s single-stage excise tax (Law 4760) on four lists: fuel, vehicles, alcohol/tobacco, and consumer electronics. Why it compounds with VAT and what it does to device and EV pricing.
KDV is Turkish VAT under Law No. 3065: 20% standard, 10% and 1% reduced rates, input-credit mechanism, service-export exemption for foreign clients and reverse-charge on imported services.
A crypto exchange listing is the process by which a digital asset (token, coin) becomes tradeable on a centralised exchange (CEX) or decentralised exchange (DEX).
A Layer 2 (L2) is a secondary protocol or network built on top of a base blockchain (Layer 1, L1) to increase throughput, reduce fees, or add features while inheriting L1’s security model.
A stablecoin de-peg occurs when a stablecoin’s market price deviates materially from its intended peg (typically 1.00 USD). De-pegs range from brief intraday wobbles (a few basis points) to catastrophic collapses (TerraUSD UST May 2022 — fell from $1 to near $0 in 72 hours, wiping ~$40B).
Staking is the process of locking cryptocurrency as economic collateral on a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain to participate in consensus — proposing and attesting blocks — and earn protocol rewards.
