Startup fundraising is the crucial process of gathering financial support from various sources to fuel a startup’s growth and development. This typically involves reaching out to angel investors, venture capital firms, and other potential financiers.

A Decentralized Exchange (DEX) is a crypto-asset trading platform that operates through smart contracts rather than a centralized intermediary, allowing peer-to-peer token swaps without requiring users to deposit assets with the exchange.

A Central Exchange (CEX) is a traditional form of cryptocurrency exchange where transactions are managed by a central authority. CEX platforms facilitate the trading of digital assets and provide a more user-friendly interface for buying, selling, and trading cryptocurrencies.

A right of first refusal (ROFR) is a contractual right granting the holder the opportunity to purchase shares — or other assets — on the same terms that a third party has offered, before the seller can complete the transfer.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are quantifiable measures used to gauge the performance of various aspects of an organization’s operations, and are critical in aligning employee achievements with business objectives, especially when linked to vesting and stock options.

A vesting schedule is the time-based or milestone-based framework under which founders, employees, and advisors earn their equity over time, rather than receiving it all upfront.

Drag-along rights are contractual provisions that allow a specified majority of shareholders (typically the majority of preferred plus the majority of common, or sometimes the board) to compel all other shareholders to participate in a sale of the company on the same terms.

A Flip-Up is a cross-border corporate restructuring in which the existing shareholders of a non-U.S. operating company (commonly Türkiye-incorporated) exchange their shares for equity in a newly formed U.S. holding entity — typically a Delaware C-Corporation. After the transaction, the U.S.

Staking is the process of locking up crypto assets in a blockchain protocol to participate in network consensus, security, or governance — and to earn protocol-denominated rewards in return.