From emerging regulation to deal mechanics, we write about the questions founders and investors actually ask — practical analysis you can put to work.
An angel fund is a structured pool of capital from multiple angel investors that invests collectively in startups — combining the agility and operator-network advantages of individual angels with the diversification and professionalism of institutional VC.
An Advisor Agreement is the contract governing the relationship between a startup and an external advisor — typically an experienced industry professional, technical expert, or strategic operator who provides guidance, introductions, credibility, and specialized expertise in exchange for equity c…
A co-founder agreement is a written contract between the founders of a startup that documents the rules of their working relationship: equity split, vesting, roles and responsibilities, decision-making, intellectual property assignment, exit provisions and dispute resolution.
A buyout is the acquisition of a controlling stake — LBO, MBO, or a buyout clause in a shareholders’ agreement. What gets negotiated, and why TTK Art. 380 financial-assistance rules reshape leveraged deals in Türkiye.
A buy-and-sell agreement (also called a buy-sell agreement or shareholder buy-sell) is a contract between business owners that governs the transfer of ownership interests when triggering events occur — death, disability, divorce, retirement, voluntary departure, or termination.
A voting right is a shareholder’s entitlement to vote on matters submitted to the shareholders of a company — typically election of directors, approval of mergers, major asset sales, charter amendments, dissolution, and dividends.
A quorum is the minimum number of members (or shares represented) required to be present at a meeting before binding decisions can be made.
Statutory voting (also called straight voting) is the default shareholder voting system in which each shareholder receives one vote per share for each director seat — and may cast all of their available votes for a single candidate or distribute across candidates, but cannot concentrate votes to …
A stockholder (also called a shareholder) is the legal owner of stock in a corporation, holding an equity interest that conveys both economic rights (dividends, share of liquidation proceeds) and governance rights (voting on shareholder matters). The term “stockholder” is more common in U.S.
A Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) is a hybrid business entity that combines features of a partnership (operational flexibility, pass-through taxation) with limited-liability protection typically associated with corporations.
