From emerging regulation to deal mechanics, we write about the questions founders and investors actually ask — practical analysis you can put to work.
Data privacy refers to the rights and practices concerning the proper handling, processing, storage, and usage of personal information. It encompasses the legal and ethical obligations of organizations to protect individual data and respect the privacy preferences of users.
Data protection involves the processes, policies, and technological measures implemented to secure personal and sensitive information from unauthorized access, corruption, or theft.
Articles of incorporation (or certificate of incorporation) is the foundational legal document filed with a government authority to formally establish a corporation, defining its purpose, structure, and initial governance.
Market capitalization, commonly known as market cap, is the total market value of a company’s outstanding shares of stock. It is calculated by multiplying the current share price by the total number of outstanding shares.
A joint stock company divides its capital into transferable shares with shareholder liability limited to subscribed capital — the corporation, AG, SA and the Turkish anonim şirket (A.Ş.) are all versions of the same form.
A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), also known as a Special Purpose Entity (SPE), is a subsidiary company created for specific business purposes, particularly for managing risks, isolating financial assets, and securing loans.
Key personnel are crucial employees or team members whose skills, expertise, and actions are critical to a startup’s success. These individuals often hold strategic positions impacting product development, company culture, and business growth.
Post-money valuation is the value of a company immediately after a new round of financing closes — that is, after the new investment has been added to the cap table. It equals the pre-money valuation plus the total new investment in that round.
Pre-money valuation is the value assigned to a company immediately before a new round of investment is closed — the negotiated economic worth of the business “as is,” excluding the incoming capital.
Startup valuation is the process of determining the worth of a startup business. This assessment is crucial for attracting investments, negotiating equity, and providing a benchmark for financial growth.
