Founder shares (sometimes “founders’ shares” or “founder stock”) are common stock issued to the founders of a company at or near incorporation, representing their initial equity ownership before any external financing.

Turkish Commercial Code (Türk Ticaret Kanunu, TTK) governs share transfer restrictions in Turkish corporations.

The Turkish Competition Authority (Rekabet Kurumu) is Türkiye’s competition law enforcement authority, established in 1997 under Law No. 4054 on the Protection of Competition.

Bireysel Katılım Yatırımcısı (BKY) is Türkiye’s licensed angel investor program, providing significant tax incentives to individual investors who invest in qualifying early-stage Turkish startups.

A GSYF is Türkiye’s regulated venture capital fund: no legal personality, managed by a licensed portfolio management company under SPK Communiqué III-52.4, sold only to qualified investors — with corporate-tax exemption driving its popularity.

The Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu (SPK) — Capital Markets Board of Türkiye — is the principal regulatory authority for capital markets in Türkiye, established under the Capital Markets Law (Sermaye Piyasası Kanunu, Law No. 6362).

The Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL) is the corporate law statute of the State of Delaware governing corporations incorporated there.

Fiduciary duties are legal obligations requiring a person or entity (“fiduciary”) to act in the best interest of another party (“beneficiary”), prioritizing the beneficiary’s interests over their own.

A Standstill Agreement is a contract restricting one party from taking certain actions—primarily accumulating shares, making tender offers, or launching proxy contests—with respect to another party for a defined period.

A No-Shop Clause (also called Exclusivity Agreement or Exclusive Dealing Period) is a provision in M&A transactions—typically in letters of intent or definitive agreements—that prohibits the seller from soliciting, negotiating, or accepting competing offers during a specified period.