From emerging regulation to deal mechanics, we write about the questions founders and investors actually ask — practical analysis you can put to work.
An Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) is a formal program through which a company grants stock options to employees — the contractual right to purchase shares at a predetermined “strike price” within a specified period, subject to vesting.
Corporate venture capital (CVC) is the investment of corporate funds directly in external startup companies. This type of venture capital is a subset of venture capital where corporate entities invest directly in young, innovative companies.
Due diligence (DD) is the systematic investigation a prospective investor, acquirer, or commercial counterparty conducts on a company before signing definitive documents — the comprehensive verification of facts, claims, risks, and structural integrity underlying the proposed transaction.
Venture capital (VC) is a form of private equity and financing that investors provide to startups and small businesses that are believed to have long-term growth potential. Unlike loans, venture capital does not require repayment but rather involves exchanging equity in the company for funding.
Tag-along rights (also called co-sale rights) are contractual provisions that allow minority shareholders to participate in any sale of shares by a majority or controlling shareholder, on the same terms and pro-rata to their shareholding.
A Shareholders Agreement is a formal document that outlines the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of shareholders within a company. It serves as a private contract that governs the relationship between the shareholders and the management team.
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A smart contract is a self-executing program deployed to a blockchain that automatically performs predefined actions when specified on-chain conditions are met.
A DPO is the independent officer who monitors data-protection compliance under GDPR Arts. 37-39. When appointment is mandatory, why operational executives are conflicted choices, and why KVKK’s contact person is not a DPO.
Governance tokens are digital assets in decentralized networks that grant holders voting rights on project decisions, allowing for a decentralized and democratic management style that aligns with the ethos of blockchain technology.
