Disruptive innovation, a theory by Clayton Christensen, describes how new entrants displace established competitors by initially serving overlooked customer segments with simpler, cheaper alternatives.

Whitelabeling is a practice where a company produces goods or services that other companies rebrand and market as their own. This allows businesses to expand their offerings without the need for in-house development, leveraging existing products and services under their unique branding.

A co-founder is a person who joins others in creating a company, typically participating in the founding vision, strategy, and equity ownership during the formation phase.

A founder is a person who creates or starts a business, taking the initial risk and typically holding significant equity, leadership responsibilities, and vision-setting authority.

Common stock represents shares of ownership in a corporation, giving shareholders voting rights and a claim on a portion of the company’s profits through dividends.

A Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) is a type of investment vehicle that raises funds through an initial public offering (IPO) with the intention of acquiring a private company, thereby taking it public.

A stablecoin is a crypto asset designed to maintain a stable value against a reference asset — most commonly the U.S. dollar, but increasingly also against the euro, gold, or a basket of currencies.

Sensitive data refers to special categories of personal information that require enhanced protection under privacy laws, including health, financial, biometric, and racial/ethnic data.

Explicit consent is a clear, unambiguous affirmative action by an individual to permit specific data processing, required under GDPR and other privacy laws for sensitive data and certain other situations.