From emerging regulation to deal mechanics, we write about the questions founders and investors actually ask — practical analysis you can put to work.
A Non-Compete (non-competition covenant) is a contractual provision restricting an individual’s ability to engage in competitive business activities for a defined period and geographic area following the end of their employment, services engagement, or business relationship.
A Proprietary Information and Inventions Assignment Agreement (PIIA) — also called Confidentiality and Inventions Assignment Agreement (CIIA) or Employee Invention Assignment Agreement — is the foundational IP-protection document signed by every employee, founder, contractor, and consultant of a …
Know Your Customer (KYC) and Customer Due Diligence (CDD) are the foundational AML/CTF compliance disciplines requiring financial institutions, fintechs, crypto-asset platforms, and other regulated entities to verify customer identity, assess customer risk, and conduct ongoing monitoring of custo…
An IBAN (International Bank Account Number) is a standardized international system for identifying bank accounts across countries — established under ISO 13616 to enable accurate cross-border payment routing and reduce the error rate of international transfers.
EFT (Elektronik Fon Transferi) in the Turkish context refers to the Central Bank of Türkiye (TCMB)-operated inter-bank funds-transfer system — the principal high-value real-time gross-settlement (RTGS) infrastructure for transfers between Turkish banks.
KKB (Kredi Kayıt Bürosu) — Credit Bureau of Türkiye — is the central credit-information utility for Turkish financial-services markets, established in 1995 by the major Turkish banks.
MASAK (Mali Suçları Araştırma Kurulu) — Financial Crimes Investigation Board of Türkiye — is the Turkish financial-intelligence unit (FIU) and principal regulator for AML, counter-terrorism financing (CTF), and proliferation-financing prevention.
A Payment Institution (Ödeme Kuruluşu) is a Turkish BDDK-licensed non-bank financial institution authorized to provide payment services — payment account operation, payment-initiation services, money remittance, merchant acquiring, and related activities — without holding customer funds long-term…
The Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK) — Banking Regulation and Supervision Authority of Türkiye — is the principal financial-services regulator for banking, payment services, and most fintech activities in Türkiye. Established under the Banking Law (No.
The KAP (Kamuyu Aydınlatma Platformu) — Public Disclosure Platform — is the official electronic disclosure system operated by Türkiye’s Central Securities Depository (MKK) under SPK supervision, through which publicly-traded companies, capital-markets institutions, and regulated entities make man…
