What is a large language model?
A large language model (LLM) is a neural network: today almost always a transformer: trained on massive text corpora to predict the next token, which at scale yields the ability to draft, summarise, translate, code and reason across domains. LLMs are the dominant family of general-purpose AI models and the substrate of chatbots, copilots and agents.
The legal profile of an LLM
- Inputs: training corpora raise copyright (TDM opt-outs in the EU; no TDM exception in Türkiye: see web scraping in Turkish law) and personal-data questions (training data and KVKK);
- Outputs: hallucination makes accuracy claims risky; generated content triggers Article 50 marking from August 2026; ownership runs through FSEK/copyright analysis;
- Model layer: providers of LLMs placed on the EU market carry Article 53 GPAI duties: documentation, copyright policy, training content summary.
Related
Foundation model, fine-tuning, prompt engineering.
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